Prabhat Samgiita: Difference between revisions

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'''Prabhát Saḿgiita''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: প্রভাত সঙ্গীত ''Probhat Shongit'', {{IPA-bn|pɾɔbhat̪ ʃɔŋɡit̪}} - ''see spelling variations [[Prabhat Samgiita#Name and Variants|below]]''), also known as '''Songs of a New Dawn''' and '''Prabhat Songs''', is the collection of songs composed by [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]].<ref name="DH">{{cite news|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Mar172008/arts2008031757962.asp|title=DANCE/MUSIC REVIEW - Prabhat Sangeeth|last=Subramanya|first=Mysore V.|date=17/03/2008|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref> Sarkar composed a total of 5,018 songs, including lyrics and tune, over a period of eight years from 1982 until his death in 1990.<ref name="Homage">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040920/asp/jamshedpur/story_3778537.asp|title=Homage to spiritual guru|date=20/09/2004|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)]]|accessdate=1 February 2013|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> There are songs in eight different languages: Bengali, Hindi, [[English language|English]], [[Samskrita]], [[Urdu]], [[Magahi language|Magahi]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[Angika language|Angika]].<ref name="Subhas Sarkar">{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Subhas|title=Prabháta Samgiita: A Literary and Philosophical Appreciation|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|date=31/12/2010|edition=First|isbn=978-81-7252-260-5|oclc=704229361|url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/prabhata-samgiita-a-literary-and-philosophical-appreciation/oclc/704229361}}</ref>
'''Prabhát Saḿgiita''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: প্রভাত সঙ্গীত ''Probhat Shongit'', {{IPA-bn|pɾɔbhat̪ ʃɔŋɡit̪}} - ''see spelling variations [[Prabhat Samgiita#Name and Variants|below]]''), also known as '''Songs of a New Dawn''' and '''Prabhat Songs''', is the collection of songs composed by [[Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar]].<ref name="DH">{{cite news|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Mar172008/arts2008031757962.asp|title=DANCE/MUSIC REVIEW - Prabhat Sangeeth|last=Subramanya|first=Mysore V.|date=17/03/2008|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref> Sarkar composed a total of 5,018 songs, including lyrics and tune, over a period of eight years from 1982 until his death in 1990.<ref name="Homage">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1040920/asp/jamshedpur/story_3778537.asp|title=Homage to spiritual guru|date=20/09/2004|publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)]]|accessdate=1 February 2013|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref>


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
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If combined, all these variations could create a huge number of spelling variants for Prabhat Samgiit, however not all combinations are used. Subhas Sarkar mainly prefers the variant '''Prabháta Saḿgiita''' and sometimes uses '''Prabhāta saṃgīta'''.<ref name="Subhas Sarkar" /> There is no consistency of spelling, even within the same newspapers. [[The Hindu]] often spells '''Prabhat Samgiita'''<ref name=Sd /><ref name="Bangalore" /><ref name=ND>{{cite news|title=Prabhat Samgiita Divas celebrated|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/09/15/stories/2009091557350400.htm|accessdate=13 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=15/09/2009|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> however also spells '''Prabhat Sangit'''<ref name="MM">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/06/15/stories/2007061550170300.htm|title=Music and memories|date=15/06/2007|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref> and also '''Prabhat Sangeet'''.<ref name="Metro">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/09/20/stories/2004092001980200.htm|title=Metro cultural round-up|date=20/09/2004|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref> [[The Times of India]] uses both '''Prabhat Samgiita'''<ref name="Songs of a new dawn" /> and ''Prabhat Sangeet''.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-27/faith-and-ritual/28101854_1_beauty-divine-music-music-heals|title=Divine music that evokes blissful experience|date=27/09/2009|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref> Most other newspapers spell ''Prabhat Sangeet'', though some articles prefer ''Prabhat Sangit'' and '''Prabhata Samgiita'''. Publications of [[Ananda Marga]] usually goes by the spelling ''Prabháta Saḿgiita'' and also often by ''Prabhát Saḿgiita'' and ''Prabhát Saḿgiit''.<ref name="Samgiita">{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Shrii Prabhat Ranjan|title=Saḿgiita: Song, Dance and Instrumental Music|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|location=Kolkata, India|year=1987|edition=1st Edition|isbn=81-7252-250-9|accessdate=06/02/2013}}</ref> Older publications, however, tend to use the variant ''Prabhát Sauṋgiit'' or ''Prabháta Sauṋgiita''.<ref name=Vol1 /> Finally there are instances of unusual spellings as well, such as ''Prabhat Sangeeth''<ref name="DH" /> and ''Prabhat Samhitta''.<ref name="AN">{{cite news|url=http://www.afternoondc.in/film-review/top-cultural-icon-feted/article_26683|title=Top cultural icon feted|date=07/06/2011|publisher=[[Afternoon (newspaper)]]|accessdate=5 February 2013}}</ref>
If combined, all these variations could create a huge number of spelling variants for Prabhat Samgiit, however not all combinations are used. Subhas Sarkar mainly prefers the variant '''Prabháta Saḿgiita''' and sometimes uses '''Prabhāta saṃgīta'''.<ref name="Subhas Sarkar" /> There is no consistency of spelling, even within the same newspapers. [[The Hindu]] often spells '''Prabhat Samgiita'''<ref name=Sd /><ref name="Bangalore" /><ref name=ND>{{cite news|title=Prabhat Samgiita Divas celebrated|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/09/15/stories/2009091557350400.htm|accessdate=13 February 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=15/09/2009|location=[[New Delhi]]}}</ref> however also spells '''Prabhat Sangit'''<ref name="MM">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2007/06/15/stories/2007061550170300.htm|title=Music and memories|date=15/06/2007|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref> and also '''Prabhat Sangeet'''.<ref name="Metro">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/09/20/stories/2004092001980200.htm|title=Metro cultural round-up|date=20/09/2004|publisher=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref> [[The Times of India]] uses both '''Prabhat Samgiita'''<ref name="Songs of a new dawn" /> and ''Prabhat Sangeet''.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-09-27/faith-and-ritual/28101854_1_beauty-divine-music-music-heals|title=Divine music that evokes blissful experience|date=27/09/2009|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=1 February 2013}}</ref> Most other newspapers spell ''Prabhat Sangeet'', though some articles prefer ''Prabhat Sangit'' and '''Prabhata Samgiita'''. Publications of [[Ananda Marga]] usually goes by the spelling ''Prabháta Saḿgiita'' and also often by ''Prabhát Saḿgiita'' and ''Prabhát Saḿgiit''.<ref name="Samgiita">{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Shrii Prabhat Ranjan|title=Saḿgiita: Song, Dance and Instrumental Music|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|location=Kolkata, India|year=1987|edition=1st Edition|isbn=81-7252-250-9|accessdate=06/02/2013}}</ref> Older publications, however, tend to use the variant ''Prabhát Sauṋgiit'' or ''Prabháta Sauṋgiita''.<ref name=Vol1 /> Finally there are instances of unusual spellings as well, such as ''Prabhat Sangeeth''<ref name="DH" /> and ''Prabhat Samhitta''.<ref name="AN">{{cite news|url=http://www.afternoondc.in/film-review/top-cultural-icon-feted/article_26683|title=Top cultural icon feted|date=07/06/2011|publisher=[[Afternoon (newspaper)]]|accessdate=5 February 2013}}</ref>


== Composition, Collection and Releases ==
== Composition, Collection, and Releases ==
P. R. Sarkar composed the first prabhat samgiit ''Bandhu he niye calo'' on 14 September 1982<ref name=Vol1 /> at [[Deoghar]], [[India]].<ref name=Homage /> He continued composing songs until his death on 21 October 1990.<ref name="Songs of a new dawn" /> During that eight years, he composed a total of 5,018 songs,<ref name=Ghista>{{cite book|last=Ghista|first=Garda|title=The Gujarat Genocide: A Case Study in Fundamentalist Cleansing|year=30/11/2006|publisher=AuthorHouse|location=[[Italy]]|isbn=9781425944537|pages=174|url=http://books.google.co.il/books?id=T-CazvdstPcC&pg=PA174&redir_esc=y}}</ref> including both lyrics and tune.<ref name=AN /><ref name="Statesman">{{cite news|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&show=archive&id=385734&catid=47&year=2011&month=10&day=7|title=Driven by devotion - Meena Banerjee was mesmerised by a few pleasant surprises|date=07/10/2011|publisher=[[The Statesman]]|accessdate=6 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Jha">{{cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/104328504/Shri-Shri-Anandamurti-Ujjawala-jha|title=Shri Shri Anandamurti: A 20th Century Indian Philosopher|last=Jha|first=Ujjawala|date=20/11/2011|publisher=Centre of Advanced Study in Sanskrit, [[University of Pune]]|pages=2|accessdate=1 February 2013|location=[[Pune]], [[India]]}}</ref> The last song, ''Ámrá gaŕe nova gurukul'', was composed on 20 October 1990, one day before his death<ref name="Vol10">{{cite book|last=Sarkár|first=Shrii Prabhát Raiṋjan|title=Prabhát Sauṋgiit (Tenth Volume)|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|location=Kolkata, India|date=30/04/2003|edition=Second Edition|pages=xxviii|isbn=81-7252-214-2|accessdate=13/02/2013|language=Bengali}}</ref>
P. R. Sarkar composed the first prabhat samgiit ''Bandhu he niye calo'' on 14 September 1982<ref name=Vol1 /> at [[Deoghar]], [[India]].<ref name=Homage /> He continued composing songs until his death on 21 October 1990.<ref name="Songs of a new dawn" /> During that eight years, he composed a total of 5,018 songs,<ref name=Ghista>{{cite book|last=Ghista|first=Garda|title=The Gujarat Genocide: A Case Study in Fundamentalist Cleansing|year=30/11/2006|publisher=AuthorHouse|location=[[Italy]]|isbn=9781425944537|pages=174|url=http://books.google.co.il/books?id=T-CazvdstPcC&pg=PA174&redir_esc=y}}</ref> including both lyrics and tune.<ref name=AN /><ref name="Statesman">{{cite news|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&show=archive&id=385734&catid=47&year=2011&month=10&day=7|title=Driven by devotion - Meena Banerjee was mesmerised by a few pleasant surprises|date=07/10/2011|publisher=[[The Statesman]]|accessdate=6 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Jha">{{cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/104328504/Shri-Shri-Anandamurti-Ujjawala-jha|title=Shri Shri Anandamurti: A 20th Century Indian Philosopher|last=Jha|first=Ujjawala|date=20/11/2011|publisher=Centre of Advanced Study in Sanskrit, [[University of Pune]]|pages=2|accessdate=1 February 2013|location=[[Pune]], [[India]]}}</ref> The last song, ''Ámrá gaŕe nova gurukul'', was composed on 20 October 1990, one day before his death<ref name="Vol10">{{cite book|last=Sarkár|first=Shrii Prabhát Raiṋjan|title=Prabhát Sauṋgiit (Tenth Volume)|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|location=Kolkata, India|date=30/04/2003|edition=Second Edition|pages=xxviii|isbn=81-7252-214-2|accessdate=13/02/2013|language=Bengali}}</ref>


[[Renaissance Artists and Writers Association]] (RAWA), has sponsored many performances and recordings of selected songs.  These performances have featured artists such as [[Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande]], [[Rashid Khan]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[Manoj Kumar]], [[Vithal Rao]], [[Shruti Sadolikar]], [[Haimanti Sukla]] and [[Archana Udupa]].{{citation needed |date=February 2013}}
[[Renaissance Artists and Writers Association]] (RAWA), has sponsored many performances and recordings of selected songs.  These performances have featured artists such as [[Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande]], [[Rashid Khan]], [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]], [[Manoj Kumar]], [[Vithal Rao]], [[Shruti Sadolikar]], [[Haimanti Sukla]] and [[Archana Udupa]].{{citation needed |date=February 2013}}


Sarkar was of the opinion that music should be performed in its original language to preserve the original rhythm, melody, and meaning. Hence, no permission was given by Sarkar for performance of any of his songs in a language other than the specific language in which he composed the song.{{citation needed |date=November 2013}}
Sarkar composed songs in eight different languages: Bengali, Hindi, [[English language|English]], [[Samskrita]], [[Urdu]], [[Magahi language|Magahi]], [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and [[Angika language|Angika]].<ref name="Subhas Sarkar">{{cite book|last=Sarkar|first=Subhas|title=Prabháta Samgiita: A Literary and Philosophical Appreciation|publisher=Ananda Marga Publications|date=31/12/2010|edition=First|isbn=978-81-7252-260-5|oclc=704229361|url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/prabhata-samgiita-a-literary-and-philosophical-appreciation/oclc/704229361}}</ref> Sarkar held that songs should be performed in their original language to preserve the composer's rhythm, melody, and meaning. Hence, no permission was given by Sarkar for performance of his songs in any language other than the language in which he composed them.{{citation needed |date=November 2013}}


== References ==
== References ==